定语从句语法(八年级英语重点语法——定语从句)

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定语从句语法(八年级英语重点语法——定语从句)


在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。它的作用相当于形容词,被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词后。

引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词 who, whom, whose which, that, as和关系副词when,where,why。


引导定语从句的关系词有三种作用:

1连接主句和定语从句。

2在意义上以某种适当形式代替先行词:关系代词本身相当于先行词,关系副词相当于“适当介词+先行词”。

3在定语从句中充当一定的成分:

关系代词that, which, who充当主语或宾语,whom充当宾语,whose充当定语;关系副词when, where, why充当状语。

1.关系代词

(1)who 指人,在定语从句中作主语,如:

This is the person who once helped me. ?这就是曾经帮助过我的那个人。

The man who is talking to our teacher is Mike’s father. ?和我们老师谈话的那个人是迈克的父亲。


(2)whom 指人(在口语中可用who代替),在定语从句中作宾语字母娱乐网网。如:

Do you know the woman (whom) we met at the gate? ??你认识我们在大门口遇见的那个妇女吗?

The man (whom) you helped is my?neighbor. 你帮助过的那个人是我的邻居。

注:关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可省略。


(3)whose指人或物,在定语从句中作定语。如:

The missing pilot whose name is Wang Wei is known as a hero of our country.

失踪的名叫王伟的飞行员被认为是我们国家的英雄。

Do you know the student whose family is in Beijing?你认识那个家住北京的学生吗?

(4)which 指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。(作宾语时可省略)

A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words. ??词典是解释词的意义的书。(作主语)

This is a book (which)I bought yesterday. ??这就是我昨天买的那本书。(作宾语)

注:which引导的定语从句还可以修饰前面字母娱乐网网的整个主句,此时which相当于and this。如:

He won the first prize in the competition, which made his parents very happy.

他在竞赛中获得一等奖,这使他的父母感到高兴。

The weather turned out to be very fine, which was more than we could expect. ?天气变晴了,这出乎我们的意料。


(5)that指物或人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语,如:

Who is the person that is working at a computer? ??在计算机上工作的那个人是谁?(作主语,指人)

Where is the dictionary (that/which)I bought last week?我上星期买的那本词典在哪呢?(作宾语,指物,可省略)

This is the factory (that/which)?I?visited the other day. 这就是我前两天参观的那家工厂。(作宾语,指物,可省略)


(6) 关系代词as

1as 用作关系代词或关系副词,引导限制性定语从句,并在从句中作主语、表语、宾语或状语, 常用于such---as, the same ---as结构中。

Such books as you bought are useless.你买的这样的书都没有。(as 作宾语)

The computer?I?bought?yesterday is the same as yours. ??我昨天买的电脑和你的一样。(作表语)

I?shall do it in the same way as you did,你怎么做我就怎么做。(作状语)

2?as引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作主语、表语或宾语,说明整个主句;从句的位置可在主句前或主句后,常用逗号与主句隔开。

As is often the case, Mary was late for school again. ??就像平常那样,玛丽又迟到了。(as 作主语)

As we all know, Taiwan is a part of China. 众所周知,台湾是中国的一部分。(作宾语)

The experiment is very important, as indeed it is. 这个实验确实很重要。(作表语)

2.关系副词

(1)when 指时间,在定语从句中作状语,其先行词是表示时间的名词(time,day, hour, ye字母娱乐网网ar等)。如:

October?1, 1949 is the day when the People’s Republic of China was found. ?

1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。

I?will never forget the day when?I?joined the league. ?我永远忘不了我入团的那一天。

特别提示:when是关系副词, 在从句中只能作为状语,而不能作主语或宾语。关系词在从句中作主语或宾语要用关系代词that 或which,作宾语时可以省略。

I?still remember the days (that/which)?I?spent in the countryside, ??我还记得我在农村度过的日子。

(关系词在从句中作宾语不能用when)

(2)where指地点,在宾语从句中作状语,其先行词表示地点的名词(place,room,house等)。如:

Is this the room where we were living last winter? 这就是我们去年冬天住的房间吗?

This is the place where my father once worked.这就是我父亲曾工作过的地方。

特别提示:不可因为被修饰的先行词是表示地点或处所的名词,就不加分析地一概用where来引导定语从句。只有关系词在从句中作地点状语时,才能用where,否则不能。如:

定语从句语法(八年级英语重点语法——定语从句)-第1张图片

They worked in a factory that/which makes color TV set.他们在一家制造彩色电视机的工厂工作。(that/which 在从句中作主语,是关系代词)

(3)why指原因,在定语从句中作状语,其先行词是表示原因的名词(reason)。

定语从句语法(八年级英语重点语法——定语从句)-第2张图片

The reason why he said that is quite clear.他为什么这么说的理由是十分清楚的。


标签: 英语

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